Speaking Sensis

Whether you consciously think about it or not, the life of a retailer, online or off, is steeped in behavioural psychology.  As we head towards Christmas, here’s a case study on how to move your customer from buying to owning.

Imagine you are a boutique fashion retailer. Time and again people come in to your store, start their walk around the perimeter, acknowledge your greeting with a strained smile and maybe a “just having a browse” mumble, and then exit without trying any of the clothes.  That’s me – I’m your nightmare. Money to spend, interest in buying, but inert when it comes to engaging with the purchase process.

How is it then that I happily and impulsively spent a few hundred dollars on a dress that I hadn’t imagined owning before I stepped into the store?

Great salespeople are a great experience. 

What got me into the store?
I’m pretty basic – it was a sale sign.  But I wouldn’t have bothered chasing a sale unless the window display was evocative.  Subtle lighting, natural tones, textured faux-stone display materials – the store fit out made me feel like a was entering a place of nature.  And what’s more pleasant than strolling around a place of natural beauty?  It felt special, the clothes were obviously cared for, and the warmth generated by the store rippled through me as I started my perimeter stroll. 

How did the sales assistant engage me? 
Catherine (yes I learnt her name through the exercise) greeted me from a non-encroaching distance. “Anything I was looking for?” “No just browsing.”  But then her genius move – “Can I try this jacket on you?”. And she did.  She effectively was asking a favour of me – and through so doing she won my trust because the jacket was great.  But then, “There’s a dress that would really suit you” – and off she skipped to the other side of the store, presenting the dress for my reaction.  She’d already managed to engage me through the jacket and I knew through this exercise she had expertly appraised my figure and gained my trust.  Most of all, it felt like she was truly interested in me not in making a sale. She had invested herself in the experience.

How did she make the sale?
The dress went on and was great. But then the show began. The other sales assistant tagged teamed as they demonstrated all the features – yes features – of this wonder dress. Tie it this way, tie it that way – multiple looks as a result of this beautifully, cleverly and practically designed dress.  Add a cummerbund and add another layer of versatility. 

Was I thinking price at this point…kind of. But by that stage it was a question of how much I would pay, not whether I would.  By that point I could have justified almost any price because I had moved way beyond ‘buying’ and was already in ‘owning’ land. And did I feel I was being sold to? No. I felt like they were helping me.

So what are the lessons for small business owners and operators?

Make the experience concrete not abstract – asking me if I was looking for something in particular would have been less effective than asking me to try on a jacket.  For online sites, telling me to click for the product catalogue is less effective than telling me to click to view details, availability and pricing for 23 skirts.

Create a consistent experience throughout the process – in this case, the store fit-out was consistent with both the clothes and the warm attitude of the staff.  Don’t set up a consumer campaign that celebrates fun, connection and happiness if you grind your customers down with a bureaucratic, boring and cumbersome purchase experience – you’ll confuse people about your brand integrity and savage your conversion rate.

Consider reciprocation – asking me for a favour was a way of making the relationship two way.  I was then prone to ask the sales assistant a “favour” ie I was more prone to ask for what I wanted – the ‘power balance’ was equalised.  Seems strange given I was the buyer with the purchasing power, but when dealing with an inert shopper like me, it was a great strategy to get me to act.  How can you create a two way relationship with your customers with the aim of making them more comfortable to do business with you?

No doubt retail is a tough gig so in the lead up to the Christmas season I’d encourage you to take a fresh look at the interactions you have with your customers and see whether some behavioural tweaking is in order. It might just make the difference.

News Limited recently announced how it plans to tackle one of the big challenges facing the newspaper industry: how to charge for digital news services. The Australian website will have a paywall established in the next few months which will create a subscriber-only service by blocking digital content to those who have not subscribed to the service.

Whilst a paywall is somewhat particular to content providers, there are lessons for all businesses around why ‘free’ is such a powerful behavioural concept and what to do if you want to introduce a charge for something that was previously available for free.

So let’s start by looking at chocolate.

The persuasive power of ‘free’
In an experiment outlined in Dan Ariely’s “Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions”¹, participants were given the choice of two chocolates; high quality Lindt or, the less expensive Hersheys. Through the course of various experiments, the price of each brand was manipulated to see how consumer rationality was affected. In other words, what was the point at which price changed our judgment of what we were willing to experience from our consumption of chocolate. When the Lindt was 15 cents and Hersheys 1 cent, 73% chose Lindt.  Makes sense. We are willing to pay more when we expect to receive a quality experience.

But then life got interesting.  Prices were dropped by 1 cent. Lindt was therefore 14 cents and Hersheys, free.  Suddenly Hersheys gobbled up 69% of the customers, reversing the earlier trend. Was it the one cent price drop? No. It was impact of ‘free’. The majority of participants were now willing to act in spite of the lower level of anticipated pleasure just because the chocolate was free. 

Based on the study, it seems that ‘free’ dramatically impacts our assessment of what we are willing to experience.
Ariely goes on to speculate that the reason we are so swayed by ‘free’ is that there is no downside. In most transactions, we weigh up the pros and cons, rewards and risks, but when something is ‘free’, there is only upside.

This is the behavioural principle of loss aversion, where we are wired to avoid loss more than seek gain.  In the case of chocolates, participants were unwilling to trade Hersheys for Lindt even when they had only to pay one cent for the lower quality brand.  The risk of a less enjoyable experience was still too great. Take away that risk by making Hersheys free, and the game changed.

Introducing a charge for a free service
That’s fine for chocolate, but what does it have to do with a paywall where News Limited are trying to introduce a fee?  After all, it’s a bit like charging for Hersheys when we are used to pigging out for free.  

It shows how difficult a task News Limited have ahead of them because ‘free’ is one of the most persuasive of forces.  So here are some thoughts on how to reverse engineer free in order to transition to a paid service:

Differentiate the product – if a brand wants to charge for something that they have previously given away for free, they need to change the product.  For chocolate, it may mean changing the ingredients or packaging, or emphasising something new about the product that people didn’t know (eg now from sustainably managed cocoa suppliers).  For News Limited, it could mean re-skinning the online experience, introducing new content and/or features, and new marquee journalists.

Reframe the pricing – News Limited customers will be paying between $2.95 and $7.95 instead of zero.  These are small amounts relative to most things, but not relative to free, so News Limited needs to contextualise the price for its customers.  For example, less than a gym membership, less than a zone two train ticket, less than what you spend on lunch per day to get 24/7 access to real-time Australian news.

Introduce decoys – Pricing decoys are a very effective behavioural technique because we assess prices relative to others.  At the moment on News Limited’s subscription page for The Australian are offering a digital pass for $2.95/week, digital plus weekend papers for $4.50 or digital plus Monday-Saturday papers for $7.95.  Here it would have been helpful for them to also offer a ‘decoy’ 7 day print subscription on the same sign up page. Why? It sets a value for the print subscription that makes the print and digital bundles look more attractive. (On The Australian’s offers page which is buried a few clicks in they have moved in this direction but made the mistake of making print look the better deal at $2/week).

Get it over quickly – the behavioural principle of adaptation means we get over bad news more quickly if we are not reminded of it.  News Limited will have to be careful how it treats its customers throughout the sign-up, sign-in and billing process, with the aim to have the pricing recede in the customer’s consciousness. 

Demarcate the process – Anyone who has used iTunes may have noticed that the payment by credit card is confirmed a few days after your purchase. The effect of this is a disconnection of the process (purchasing music) from the pain (payment), which means we are less likely to remember that our downloads have cost us. News Limited should likewise consider how it finalises the payment process with the customer.

Guilt – don’t under estimate how guilt can turn free-loaders into paying customers.  Of course there will always be some people who take without giving, but most of us are susceptible to contra-free loading.  This is our innate desire to work for reward rather than just get rewarded.  Don’t scoff.  A recent move by the Indiana Museum of Art to move to free entry resulted in a 3% increase in paid memberships.
 
The key lesson to take away from this discussion of chocolates and paywalls is this; offering something for ‘free’ changes the game.  It comes with significant behavioural implications that can work well for your business to stimulate volume, but can also change how your product is perceived.  Whilst not impossible to reengineer a free service as paid, it is extremely tricky and therefore should be used with due consideration to your longer term and competitive goals.
  
1. “Predictably Irrational;: The Hidden Forces that Shape Our Decisions”, Dan Ariely, HarperCollins; 2008

The Sensis® Social Media Report backs up the views of social media experts by showing that engagement is critical to social marketing.

One of the most significant findings of the Sensis® Social Media Report is that consumer uptake of social media far outstrips business uptake. This leads to the conclusion that Australian businesses need to do more to ‘follow the audience’.

But, how?

For a long time, the experts have been telling us the secret is engagement: being able to connect with consumers in a relationship that benefits all.

And the Sensis® Social Media Report bears this out.

Overall, Australian social media users seem roughly split on the legitimacy of advertising in social media. About half don’t like it, while the other half either don’t mind or welcome it.

That’s not so bad. But the skies become less sunny when you consider that only 29% of people say they take notice of advertising on social media. And (coincidentally), only 29% say they sometimes click on social media ads.

In other words, while the acceptance of social media advertising isn’t too bad, we’ve got a fair way to go before it becomes really effective.

So does that mean the social media doors are closed for marketers?

Absolutely not!

You see, in the midst of all this advertising apathy, 63% of social media users say they read online reviews and blogs when searching for information about products and services.

And those consumers expect to read an average of six reviews before making a decision.

But that’s not all. Social media users also have a voracious appetite for something extra. 57% want discounts, 45% want give-aways, 41% want invitations to events and 36% want coupons.

In other words, while social media users aren’t reacting to ads, they’re really big on information and incentives.

And that’s where the opportunity lies. There’s value to be had for marketers who try to be useful, rather than try to be snappy.

And that value can be magnified if you can meet people’s needs so well that they openly advocate for you. That’s because, 27% of Internet users have provided online ratings while 24% have posted an online review or blog.

As everyone keeps saying, the potential for social media marketing is huge. But to unlock that value, we need to see consumers as targets for service, not targets for spin.

Okay, have a guess. Which Australian state is first past the post when it comes to social media?

Too easy. With their higher population and access to technology, it’d be NSW and Victoria in a canter.

Right?

Wrong.

In fact the Sensis® Social Media Report has found that our two most populous states sit in the middle when it comes to most measures of social media uptake.

And that there’s one state that stands head and shoulders above the rest… Tasmania.

To show you what I mean, here is a roll call of leading states in the social media stakes.

Most connected: Tasmania
100% of Tasmanians access the Internet. The national average is 94%.

Most social (consumers): Tasmania (by a mile!)
44% of Tasmanian social media users are networking every day compared to a national average of only 30%. However, they average 160 ‘friends, contacts or followers’, which is well under the national average of 217.

Most social (businesses): ACT and Queensland
20% of Queensland and ACT businesses have a social media presence, which is way ahead of the national average of 15%.

Most friendly: Victoria
Victorian social media users have an average of 241 friends or followers each compared to 217 nationally.

Most brand friendly: Tasmania
Tasmania walloped the other states. 39% of Tasmanian social media users follow sites or groups associated with brands, compared to a national average of 20%.

Most bargain friendly: Queensland
16% of Queensland social media users have used group buying sites compared to a national average of 12%.

Most vocal: Tasmania
37% of Tasmanian social media users have written an online review or blog about their views on a product or service. This is way above second placed Northern Territory (28%) and eclipses the national average of 24%. Meanwhile, 67% of Tasmanian social media users have used online reviews or blogs to research product purchases. This is second only to Western Australia on 69%.

I’ve been thinking what might be behind these trends. Is Tassie’s very high uptake of the Internet (100%, as I mentioned before) driving all this social media activity? Or is there a sense of isolation that social media might be remedying? (Interestingly, social media take-up is also relatively strong in NT). Maybe it’s all of the above, but whatever it is, Tasmanians are the savvy social media users to watch!

The Sensis Social Media Report, which was released last week in conjunction with the Australian Interactive Media Indsutry Association, had some interesting things to say about social media trends among older Australians.

HELPING YOU STAY IN TOUCH

It’s no surprise that the uptake of social networks in Australia is heavily weighted to teens and young adults. According to the Sensis Social Media Report (which is available for free download from the Sensis corporate site), 93% of 14 – 29 year olds have used social media at some point compared to only 31% for over 65s.

While uptake maybe relatively low, the reasons why middle aged and senior Australians are using social media make for interesting reading.

Their reasons suggest that social media could have an enormous role to play in enriching the lives of older Australians in the years to come.

Consider this:

• 60% of over 50s use social media to share photos or videos. This is second only to 20 – 29 year olds and well above the 56% for all Australians.
• 18% of over 65s use social media to meet new friends – this proportion is exceeded only by 14 – 29 year olds.
• 14% of over 65s are using social media ‘to find people with the same interests that you have’. That’s bang on the average for all people and well ahead of 20 – 39 year olds and 50 – 64 year olds.

Growing old must be difficult for many Australians. You spend decades building a life, a family and a network of friends; only to find that they slowly ebb away due to an increasing loss of mobility.

I’ve seen this myself over the last few years. Before they made the trip to aged care, I watched my parents gradually become prisoners in their own home. Due to growing immobility, their ability to socialise – something the rest of us take for granted – became more and more difficult; to the point where they only rarely left the house and hardly ever saw their friends.

Social networks bring with them an enormous opportunity to alleviate the loneliness of advancing age. They offer a way to talk, share and even play with family and friends regardless of distance and mobility issues.

Which, in an ageing country like Australia, could become very important in the future.

HELPING YOU SHOP

Of course, many middle aged and senior Australians are as mobile as ever and living very active lives.

Which leads to another interesting observation about the use of social media in Australia.

You see, Australians over the age of fifty are showing a tendency to rely heavily on social media for purchase decisions.

• 17% of over 65s use social media to research holiday destinations or travel offers: the highest percentage for all age groups
• And 17% of 50 – 64 year olds, use social media ‘to research other products or services you might want to buy’. This response shared the top spot with 12 – 19 year olds.

There’s a simple message here. You wouldn’t normally think about over 50s as an audience for social media marketing.

But, given their spending power and propensity to use social media to research purchases, social media could be a significant opportunity for over 50s marketers in the years to come.

The latest Sensis® Business Index recorded the third successive quarter of growth in confidence amongst Australia’s small and medium businesses.  Report author Christena Singh takes us through the key results and some of the challenges facing SMEs and the economy going forward.

It was really encouraging to see the Sensis® Business Index record the third successive quarter of growth in confidence amongst Australian small businesses.  SME confidence has now risen by some 40 percentage points in the past three quarters, to a net balance of 52 per cent.

And while the continued increase in confidence and performance is good news, it is important to realise that we are still only partly down the path of economic recovery.  If you look at the indicators compared to their long term averages, you can see that while confidence is now four percentage points above its long term average, all performance indicators are still tracking below their long term average levels.

For example, as you can see in the attached chart, the sales performance indicator is some four percentage points lower, profitability five percentage points lower and capital expenditure nine percentage points lower.  The indicator that is closest to its long term average is employment, which is only one percentage point lower.

And all of these indicators with the exception of capital expenditure have risen in the past quarter.  So Australian SMEs have made good progress on the path to economic recovery but there is still some way to go.

And this is perhaps emphasised by the fact that SMEs are expecting conditions to moderate over the next quarter to some extent, with more thinking that the Australian economy will be weaker in a year’s time.  While many SMEs are still facing challenges such as reduced demand and cash flow, others are already facing the “problems” of economic growth, including difficulties finding staff.

Six months ago the Australian economy had to face the challenges of economic downturn.  We have seen the Australian economy and Australia’s small and medium business meet this challenge.  But in many ways the challenges of economic recovery will be more complex, with the need to tackle both the problems of growth and decline at the same time.  This will be the challenge the Australian economy will face for the year ahead.

Charles Wright recently wrote in The Age how the benefits of search engine optimisation (SEO) and search engine marketing (SEM) for one small business provided a far better return on investment (ROI) than advertising in the Yellow Pages®.

It’s easy to find one example of a business that’s been successful with any sort of advertising. The challenge is to find lots of them. Yellow Pages® has hundreds of examples of advertisers who get a majority of their business through Yellow Pages®. We even put some in our TV ad earlier this year.

Charles’ article was based on a simple assessment of ROI: cost of SEM outlay and the return in website traffic compared to the cost of advertising with Yellow Pages® Online and the subsequent website.

Where his case fell down is that it left out a number of costs a small business faces when gearing up for effective SEM and SEO activity.

These include the costs of building, hosting and maintaining a decent website, and possibly the cost of an SEO/SEM consultancy (or a significant time cost if you are able to do it yourself).

Sure there are online businesses that can manage all this and find customers. But there are a lot of businesses that can’t. Which is where the Yellow Pages® network can deliver real value.

Through its network, Yellow Pages® provides an effective multi-channel solution. With one Yellow Pages® ad, a business goes in the Yellow Pages® Book, Yellow Pages® Mobile, and the 1234 and Call Connect phone services.

In addition, Yellow Pages® also gives businesses a significant online presence by putting them in yellowpages.com.au, whereis.com and by making Yellow Pages® listings available to be searched on Google Maps and Bing Maps.

In fact, if you add up all these print, online, voice and mobile services, you find that Yellow Pages® advertiser content can be searched for through services used by almost 65% of Australians every month.

And that doesn’t include search engines. Recognising their significant value, we’ve made Yellow Pages® content not only searchable through the major search sites but we’ve optimised the content for search engines as well. That’s why over 2.5 million referrals come from search engines to Yellow Pages® Online every month.

People searching Yellow Pages® are buyers, not browsers. And they are often serious buyers who are ready to make a major purchase such as buying tyres for their car, booking an appointment with a dentist, booking a function at a restaurant or hiring a tradesman for work on their house.

The Yellow Pages® network helps puts businesses in more places customers are looking – including major online sites – with ease and convenience, leaving them to get on with running their business.

It was interesting to observe the Digital Gurus panel conversation about the role that mobile advertising and social media will play in the foreseeable future at Monday’s Digital Marketing & Media Summit in Melbourne, and to compare this to what’s been said recently at similar forums in Sydney and published in marketing journals. It seems Melbourne’s marketing community is still treading with quite a bit of caution, perhaps waiting to see what others are going to do before going for broke and full integrating mobile and social media into their digital strategies…

A couple of the panellists observed that rightly or wrongly, mobile is still viewed as a bit of a ‘bolt-on’ to traditional marketing strategies. Sensis’ Cheryl Vize and a representative from Google agreed that we’re only just starting to see what mobile can achieve in terms of its ability to target consumers by personal profile and location. A major travel provider said they still a way off viewing mobile as a viable means for booking travel. This is interesting considering research such as the Sensis e-business Report based released in August revealed that 31% of male mobile users and 26% of female mobile users are accessing the internet on their mobiles and 41% use it to look for information on products and services and 25% have used it for banking. So it seems (and Google made this point) that mobile has a growing role to play where functionality and utility meet the consumer. Sure there’s a role for brand campaigns on mobile, but there’s also a massive opportunity to make services available via the most convenient and personal medium around. Perhaps major service providers just need convincing that device functionality can offer their consumers an optimal user experience…hopefully their digital agencies were listening!

On the social media front, key players in the travel and health insurance industry are realistic in their views that consumers don’t want to be their ‘friends’, but there’s a growing trend towards communities of people wanting to talk about travel and healthcare/insurance matters…so by monitoring this activity, and perhaps even setting up the infrastructure for discussion forums etc, brands can benefit by learning from their comments in order to better understand their consumers’ wants and needs.

What about smaller businesses wanting to reach their consumers via their channels? Cheryl said she sees Sensis’ role into the future as collaborating with them to help them understand how all of the different advertising channels, including emerging channels like social media and mobile, can help them and guide them through the maze of options.

As everyone kept coming back to over the course of the day, it’s not about jumping on the latest trend for the sake of it. Any marketing strategy needs to start with an understanding of who your consumers are and where they are looking.

I went along to the 15th Telstra Business Women’s Awards National Awards Ceremony on Thursday 12 November and was overwhelmed by the achievements of the inspiring business women in the room.

Christine Nixon, Head of the Victorian Bushfire Reconstruction and Recovery Authority and former Police Commissioner made a great speech, telling the room about her experience joining the police force as a 19 year old woman in 1972.

She spoke about the importance of respect and courage in the workforce, and how there weren’t too many people in 1972 telling her that one day she could be the Chief Commissioner of Victoria Police.

She recounted a time in her early career when she was being harassed by a more senior policeman and two of her male colleagues overheard. They marched straight in and made it very clear to the harasser that – “We don’t do that around here.”

At risk of sounding a little bit Sliding Doors I wonder what the impact of that situation and those six words have had on Christine Nixon’s career. If her colleagues hadn’t overheard the situation and 19 year old Christine had continued to be harassed, would that have changed Christine’s path?

I wonder if WA’s Gina Rinehart has ever been bullied? Gina, Chairman of mining house Hancock Prospecting was announced as the 2009 Telstra Australian Business Woman of the Year. She has being working in a heavily male dominated mining industry since 1992 and successfully transformed the small prospecting company into a growing mining house.

The awards followed comments from Deputy Prime Minister Julia Gillard from 10 November, lamenting the status of working women.

“A lot of progress has been made for women at work over the last 20 or 30 years, indeed all the world has changed in many ways.

“But there are still some troubling sings, there is still a pay difference between men and women, there is still a clustering of women tending to be in low-wage, low-skill occupations,” Ms Gillard said.

The latest Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data reported the average hourly gender pay gap was 13.1 per cent in May 2009, the biggest gap since 1996.

It’s figures like these that reinforce the importance of continuing to recognise and celebrate the achievement of women in business.

The Telstra business Women’s Awards have recognised the achievements of more than 400 women in business since its inception in 1995.

So you think office workers sit at their computers writing Word docs all day? Forget that. According to the latest Sensis® eBusiness Report, we’re all going shopping!

There’s something distinctly Escher-like about the Sensis® eBusiness Report.

Okay, so comparing the mind-bending explorations of the impossible created by Dutch artist Maurits Cornelius Escher with an Internet survey might sound a stretch (although the cover of the Sensis® eBusiness Report does have a freaky picture on it).

But, there is method in my madness.

The thing is, the longer you look at the Sensis® eBusiness Report, the more interesting little tidbits pop out at you.

Just like Escher, eh?

Every year around August, the Sensis® eBusiness Report comes out and gets its fair share of headlines – usually focussing on one or two key observations.

This year was no different. The main focus of reporting was on the uptake of mobile data services by Australian consumers.

But some other really interesting findings hit me as I stared at the report recently. They relate to the way eBusiness has evolved in Australia.

The rise and rise of eBusiness
First up, it’s clear that eBusiness has had a real growth spurt over the last two years.

There’s four distinct activities related to eBusiness measured by the Sensis® eBusiness Report: two (research and buy) sit on the ‘buy side’, while two (sell and promote) sit on the ‘sell side’.

And, as the table below shows, all of these activities have really packed on the muscle over the last two years: albeit at different rates. In fact, researching potential purchases has reached the point of near-ubiquity in Australia, with the buying and selling activities not far behind them.

Businesses placing almost a third of their orders online
The second observation is that the SMEs who have cottoned onto online ordering are using the web for an average almost a third (31%) of their orders.

Ponder that for a moment. 78% of Australia’s SMEs are placing, on average, almost a third of their orders online.

That’s staggering and it underpins just how far eBusiness has come in this country.

Having said that, it does look like online’s share of orders may have hit a bit of a ceiling. While the number of SMEs placing orders online has grown rapidly since 2007, the average percentage of orders they’re placing (31%) has remained static.

Around the world? Nup… around the corner
One final observation. Back when the web was a toddler, the talk was of globalisation. If I recall, the thinking went something like ‘anyone could sell anywhere so everyone will sell everywhere’.

And while the web certainly has given birth to a new generation of multinationals, it pans out (perhaps not surprisingly) that the overwhelming bulk of businesses remain focussed on their neighbourhoods.

In fact, it turns out that two thirds of SMEs mainly sell to local customers – in the same city or town. 11% mainly sell elsewhere in the state, 12% interstate and 4% overseas.

So there you have it. A growth spurt in the uptake of eBusiness; a high (although static) share of purchases being placed online and a real focus on the customers just around the corner.

The Internet may not have changed the face of business in the way we once believed, but it sure has changed the way we do business.

Anyway, enough said. I’m off shopping (click, click, click).